Domenico Delfino
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
In 1957, Mario Monicelli’s film “The Doctor and the Sorcerer” depicted a poignant struggle between traditional medicine (TM) and science, symbolizing the transition from rural to technological worlds post-World War II. This transition marked the ascendance of scientific research, relegating traditional practices to the periphery. However, recent decades have witnessed a resurgence of interest in TM, spurred by its holistic approach and cultural resonance.
According to the WHO, over 50% of the global population relies on TM, particularly in developing countries. Even in developed nations, there’s a growing demand for holistic approaches which includes the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Traditional medicine comprises of indigenous theories, beliefs and practices which includes Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Ayurveda, and other indigenous therapies. Complementary and alternative medicine, also known as non-conventional medicine (NCM), complements allopathic medicine with holistic principles and natural remedies.
The discovery of artemisinin, a potent anti-malarial compound, exemplifies the marriage of TM and modern biotechnology. Dr. Tu Youyou’s validation of ancient Chinese herbal knowledge led to the development of artemisinin, now a cornerstone in global malaria treatment. This breakthrough underscores the potential of integrating traditional wisdom with rigorous scientific validation.
Vietnamese Traditional Medicine (VTM) offers another compelling example of TM’s resurgence. Artocarpus tonkinensis belongs to the Moraceae family (Figure 1.), which was initially valued for social rituals, has emerged as a therapeutic powerhouse for treating arthritis and back pain. Collaborative efforts between Vietnamese scholars and Italian researchers validated its therapeutic efficacy, showcasing the untapped potential of TM.
Figure 1. Artocarpus tonkinensis leaves and fruits
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory condition, epitomizes the limitations of conventional treatment. While disease-modifying drugs offer symptomatic relief, they often entail adverse effects and fail to prevent disease progression. Integrating TM/CAM approaches offers a promising avenue for managing the complex pathogenic pathway of RA.
The resurgence of TM and CAM reflects a global paradigm shift towards holistic healthcare. Embracing ancient wisdom alongside modern biotechnology holds immense potential for advancing global health. Dr. Youyou’s invocation of Wang Zhihuan’s poem underscores the symbiotic relationship between tradition and innovation, providing a prime example of how traditional knowledge and modern science can improve healthcare for all. By transcending prejudices and harnessing biotechnological advancements, we can unlock the full therapeutic potential of traditional medicines, fostering a holistic approach to global health improvement.